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Biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech
Tikovská, Marie ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This master's thesis deals with biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech language. The theoretical part is divided into two main chapters. The first one provides short overview of main areas of aspectological research. Individual subchapters explain and describe basic aspectological concepts - aspect, aspectual pair, aktionsart etc, their functional features and mechanisms of creating aspectual pairs. The second theoretical chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of biaspectuality. It presents different approaches to the nature of biaspectuality and issues of classification of biaspectual verbs. It also maps statistical data about biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech and describes dynamics of their development. The practical part represents a contrastive analysis of 50 Russian and 50 Czech biaspectual verbs. Main goal was to explore functioning of biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech, find their new potential aspectual partners, examine mechanisms of their creating and determine extent of their semantic overlap with original borrowed biaspectual verbs, using selected electronic corpuses, the internet and own examples. Finally, based on results of the analysis, are formulated main tendencies of the development of biaspectual verbs in Russian and Czech. Key words Aktionsart, aspect, aspectology,...
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Porovnáni metod česko-ruského automatického překladu
Bílek, Karel ; Kuboň, Vladislav (advisor) ; Bojar, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis, I am presenting several methods of Czech-to-Russian ma- chine translation, including both historical approaches and more modern ones, and including both phrase-based and rule-based systems. I am rst brie y describing the linguistic background of Czech and Russian, and their common history and di er- ences. en, I am describing automating, building and improving some o he ma- chine translation systems, together with their comparison, using both an automated metric and a limited human annotation. Meanwhile, I am also describing the creation of a several corpora of Czech-Russian parallel data and Russian monolingual data.
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Characteristics of the Czech language of Russian students(with a focus on selected phonetic and morphosyntactic phenomena)
Ramasheuskaya, Katsiaryna ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Bednaříková, Božena (referee) ; Giger, Markus (referee)
Language adaptation of foreigners is always accompanied by a number of problems connected to the acquisition and the use of the language which becomes the primary communicative tool in the new environment. Ignoring and underestimating these problems typical of a particular language community can result in a failure to master the target language and consequently in the unsuccessful integration in the new society. This thesis is aimed at specific problems in the area of morphosyntax and phonetics, characteristic of Russian-speaking students of Czech. At the same time, it warns about the danger of overestimating positive transfer from Russian and emphasizes the necessity of using special didactic approach in teaching this group of foreign-language speakers. The analysis of the chosen language phenomena is based on the data from the Database of the voice recordings of spoken Czech by native speakers of Russian and the Database of language mistakes in Czech made by speakers whose native language is another Slavic language, which were created, among others, for the purpose of this thesis. The attention is specifically focused on the use of the reflexive se/si, forms of the auxiliary verb to be in the past tense, short forms of personal pronouns in spoken and written production of Russian-speaking...
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Semantic development of the common lexical basis of Czech, Slovenian and Russian languages
Shchelokova, Galina ; Pilát, Štefan (advisor) ; Hasil, Jiří (referee)
The object of the study is to follow and compare the development of the semantics of lexical units, which have the common Proto-Slavonic base and different meanings in modern languages. The development is studied within a time period ranging from the Proto-Slavonic period up to the modern language state. To cover all three representative groups of Slavic languages: West Slavic, East Slavic and South Slavic were selected the appropriate languages: Czech, Russian and Slovenian. The selection of lexical units is morphologically restricted. The research is focused on adjectives. The work contains theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part specifies terminology and presents a number views on the potential significance of the development of lexical units in terms of diachronic lexicology. The analysis is devoted to the development and is categorized as follows: each of the twelve selected semantic groups includes sections devoted to Proto-Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic, Russian, Czech and Slovenian languages. Each group is enclosed with a brief summary.
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Defectiveness of the present converb in literary Russian: codification and use
Beňovský, Jan ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the defectiveness of present converb in contemporary Russian language. The first part outlines the theoretical solutions of converb in Russian language, its origin and diachronic development. The second part presents basic grammar books illustrating the codification of defectiveness of present converb during the 20th and early 21st century. The grammars of Lomonosov, Grech and Vostokov, which illustrate the state of codification in the previous period, are composed to supplement. On the basis of theoretical knowledge and data from the grammars most often forbidding forms of the converbs were chosen and then submitted to corpus analysis. The aim of the corpus analysis was to verify the actual usage of the forbidding forms of present converbs in literary texts. key words: morphology; Russian; converb; codification; use; corpus
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Bilingualism management in the situation of language shift: Discourses, problems and the landscape of Belarus
Sloboda, Marián ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Gladkova, Hana (referee) ; Ondrejovič, Slavo (referee)
Práce se věnuje managementu bilingvismu v situaci jazykového posunu, tj. tomu, jak se jednotlivci a organizace chovají vůči dvojjazyčnosti, jak s ní zacházejí, a to v situaci, kdy společnost přechází od užívání jednoho jazyka k jazyku jinému. Práce se konkrétně zaměřuje na vybrané, dosud méně zkoumané aspekty současné jazykové situace v Bělorusku. Analyzované aspekty zahrnují: 1) geosémiotiku a management jazykového posunu na nápisech ve veřejném prostoru, 2) management jazykových problémů se zaměřením na školství a 3) snahy o obrácený jazykový posun k běloruštině. Pozornost se přitom věnuje korespondencím mezi jazykovým managementem občanů a státních nebo jiných veřejných organizací. Cílem práce je přispět jak k lepšímu poznání jazykové situace v Bělorusku, tak k rozpracování některých sociolingvistických konceptů, jako je zejména jazykový posun a jazykový problém. Práce aplikuje teorii jazykového managementu jako obecný model jazykového posunu a jako instrument k diagnostikaci jazykových problémů. Při aplikaci teorie v uvedených kontextech se ukázalo jako užitečné rozšířit ji o koncept diskurzu a kolektivního jednání, které pomůžou konceptualizovat propojení mezi jednoduchým a organizovaným jazykovým managementem, respektive mezi mikrosociální a makrosociální rovinou. Klíčová slova bilingvismus,...
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Czech translation of Russian transgresivs in classical literature
Ponomareva, Varvara ; Ivanovová, Darina (advisor) ; Hasil, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor paper research on the possibilities of the translation of participles and transgressive turnovers from Russian to Czech language. Its aim it to determine the frequency of participles and other language resources use in transgressive Czech translations of Russian fiction; determine whether the choice of other means than the participles leads to the exact expression of the authors intentions; determine the most and least appropriate translation of Russian participles.
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The politicization of the language issue in Ukraine: the discursive construction of the language, nationalism, and identity in Ukrainian media.
Hu, Qianrui ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Wilson, Andrew (referee) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
Despite already thirty years after gaining independence, Ukraine is still having difficulties forming an integral and united national identity. The language issue in Ukraine is a vivid example of the problem Ukraine is confronting. Numerous efforts have been made with the aim to strengthen the role of the Ukrainian language, but the presence of the Russian language in Ukraine is still strong. Furthermore, the battle between these two languages often provokes huge public debates, and the debates do not revolve around the language use itself, but usually associate it with the wider debate of the Ukrainian common memory. Although much research has been devoted to analysing the narratives of relevant language laws, the discourses of Ukrainian politicians, or public opinions of the language issue and their links with people's political orientation, this thesis will focus on the discourses of media, an equally important site which represents and reproduces everyday nationalism. By adopting the methodology of critical discourse analysis, this work aims to uncover what are the common themes behind the everyday debate on the language issue in Ukrainian media and what are the typical mechanisms and strategies in the language use of media discourses to facilitate propagating their language ideologies. After a...
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The Pied Piper of Marina Tsvetaeva: Genesis, Reception and Translations of Poems with Commentary
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Hlaváček, Antonín (advisor)
Russian poet Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) is one of the world's most prominent authors of the early 20th century. The Pied Piper (Ratcatcher) is the magnum opus of her work. The aim of my thesis was to literally translate the poem and provide a detailed commentary on the poem. Translation is designed for the future Slavonic Studies, but also for the wider public. The translation is a kind of proposal and could be used as the default text for a possible poetic translation of the poem into Czech. The intention of the commentary is to point out the relationships of the Tsvetaeva's Pied Piper and possible sources of inspiration of the texts of other authors or her own original works. The commentary also explains the concepts specific to the creation of Tsvetaeva and her characteristic individual poetic methods. The commentary, however, provide, nearly no interpretation. It is used only as a supplementary comment on individual parts in order to enable better understanding of the original text and the translation. The first chapters deal with the history of the poem, its genesis, and reception by critics and writers. Followed by technical notes to the translated text, where a reader would find an explanation of the peculiarities of the original text, including syntactic difficulties, which are the clues...
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